Data is continuously transferred over networks in the form of segmented packets. Packet sniffers can be for malicious or for lawful purposes by cybercriminals and network respectively. In today’s world of cyber security, one must have a firm grasp of core concepts such as packet sniffing. We will share the definition, operation, and applications of packet sniffing in detail in this article.
What is a Packet Sniffer?
A packet sniffer, also known as a network sniffer or packet analyzer, is a diagnostic tool that involves identifying, viewing, and logging data packets being transmitted over a network. Network administrators and cybercriminals use packet sniffers, which can be either software programs or physical equipment, to do packet sniffing. Cybercriminals get data such as usernames and passwords, bandwidth usage, and more from packet sniffing.
Depending on how much they can see, packet sniffers can be on wired as well as wireless networks. Sniffers on a wired network may be unrestricted by network switch placement, or they may have access to all linked machines’ packets. Most sniffers can only scan one channel at a time on a wireless network.
How Packet Sniffers Work
Packet sniffers operate by using the host computer’s wired or wireless network port to intercept and log network traffic.
The data that can be recorded on a wired network is determined by the network’s architecture. Depending on the configuration of the network switches, a packet sniffer may be able to view traffic on the entire network or only a certain portion of it. Unless the host computer has several wireless interfaces that allow for multichannel capture, packet sniffers on wireless networks typically capture one channel at a time.
Hardware packet sniffers are still useful in network debugging, even if software packet sniffers are now the most used type. Hardware packet sniffers store or forward the data they gather by plugging them straight into a network.
The packet sniffing software interprets the raw packet data once it has been recorded and displays it in a readable format for the user to understand. The details of the communication between two or more network nodes are visible to the person studying the data.
This data is used by network professionals to identify the source of a problem, such as the device that isn’t responding to a request from the network.
To see what information is being shared between two parties, hackers employ sniffers to listen in on the unencrypted data in the packets. If passwords and authentication tokens are sent in clear text, they can potentially be intercepted. Additionally, in replay, man-in-the-middle, and packet injection attacks—all of which some systems are susceptible to—hackers can collect packets for later playback.
Types of Packet Sniffers
#1. Hardware packet sniffer
This is a tangible item that is connected to a network. It will make sure that every packet is filtered and read when it is plugged into an Ethernet port on your network. The majority of hardware packet sniffers are for legitimate purposes by network administrators because they do not require physical access.
#2. Software packet sniffers
Software packet sniffers are programs you install to catch packets passing across a network. Additionally, it can readily read and process all packets sent to and from a network hub. For networks that are switched, they will put the network into promiscuous mode to make sure that every packet gets through the sniffer.
Legal uses of packet sniffing
Thankfully, there are several acceptable applications for packet sniffers. These techniques are almost exclusively used when the operator or owner of the network is aware that packet sniffing is being done. Packet sniffers have no harmful purpose and are safe.
#1. It monitors bandwidth and traffic
Analyzing bandwidth and the volume of traffic flowing over a network is one of the most popular packet sniffing applications. This is to determine where the majority of network traffic is going and whether an application is utilizing unusually large amounts of bandwidth. Network administrators may find both of these statistics helpful in their efforts to maximize network performance.
It can fix networks for common problems. Network administrators can greatly benefit from the use of packet sniffers in identifying and deciphering issues and devising solutions. For instance, if packets are in channels where they should not be, there may be a problem with the network switch or an incorrect configuration. In addition to many other things, packet sniffers may verify whether encryption is operating as planned.
#3. It is used for penetration testing
Authorized and simulated cyberattacks on a network are called penetration tests. Packet sniffing is used in a pen test in a manner that is similar to how hackers may use it. By doing this, they can assist in revealing gaps in the network’s protection mechanism.
Types of packet sniffing attacks
Here are some of the different types of packet sniffing methods that hackers use:
#1. Wi-Fi packet sniffing
When traveling, have you ever needed to use the free public WiFi in a coffee shop, train station, or city center? Hackers use Wi-Fi sniffers to track data passing across an unprotected network, increasing the susceptibility of any device linked to the network to prying eyes.
One reason not to use an unprotected Wi-Fi network without a VPN is packet sniffing.
#2. Browser history sniffing
Certain information, including saved form data or login credentials, can be stored by your internet browser. Although this can be useful for logging into your preferred websites, hackers can use packet sniffing to exploit it.
#3. JavaScript sniffers
A malicious script can be put on a website to intercept your sensitive information as you enter it on the website or an online form, a technique known as JavaScript sniffing. Passwords, bank account information, email addresses, phone numbers, and more can all be intercepted with this code.
#4. Session hijacking
With this method, a hacker can obtain your session ID—a special number that a server gives to every user when they visit a website while participating in an online session—from you. Once a hacker has access to a legitimate session ID, they can use it to perform “approved” network operations for malevolent purposes.
#5. Password packet sniffing
To intercept unencrypted data packets containing password information, one technique is to utilize password sniffing. In this kind of Man-in-the-Middle attack, data is stolen by the hacker while it is traveling from your device to its intended location.
#6. Domain Name System (DNS) poisoning
Hackers can divert internet traffic from a genuine website to a convincing fake website by using DNS poisoning, a sophisticated and widespread type of pharming. Because the two websites are so similar, users can be easily tricked into entering login credentials as they would on the genuine site.
What is the best defense against packet sniffing?
The following are a few strategies to guard your network against unauthorized packet sniffing:
#1. Update your software.
Update your operating systems and software frequently to fix vulnerabilities and stop different kinds of hackers from taking advantage of them.
#2. Increase the security of your login.
For additional security layers, create strong passwords and activate extra authentication features like two-factor authentication.
#3. Be cautious when accessing information.
When opening emails from unfamiliar addresses, proceed with caution. Avoid clicking on odd attachments or URLs since they may be a phishing attempt or a gateway to a packet sniffing attack.
#4. Using a VPN, connect to the internet.
Your online behavior is protected when you use a Virtual Private Network (VPN) to browse the internet. Your data is sent through an encrypted tunnel. This is especially crucial while using public WiFi, as its security measures are typically weakened, making packet sniffing attacks more likely.
#5. Go to secure websites only.
Because websites using the HTTP protocol offer less safety, make sure the websites you visit are secured with the HTTPS protocol. Most modern browsers alert you to unsafe websites in the address bar before you access them.
Best Packet Sniffing Tools for Businesses
#1. Wireshark
The leading network protocol analyzer, Wireshark, explores the nuances of network traffic in great depth and provides comprehensive insights that other tools might miss. Its expertise in providing in-depth packet analysis supports its ranking as the top option for experts looking for a comprehensive grasp of network interactions.
Furthermore, Wireshark interfaces with OS fingerprinting, GeoIP, and many decryption features, providing its users with enhanced functionality.
Pricing:
From $7/user/month (billed annually) + $49 base fee per month
Pros:
- A large number of data network protocols are supported
- Strong filtration powers a thorough study of packet data
Cons:
- A more difficult learning curve for newcomers
- Big captures demand a substantial amount of system resources.
- Possible security hazards if misused on open networks.
#2. Tcpdump
Tcpdump is a well-known network diagnostic tool that makes packet capture and analysis easier from the command line. It is a suitable option for people who want to operate in terminal setups and need real-time network traffic insights.
While Tcpdump is a stand-alone program, its output can be used with Wireshark and other programs for more in-depth examination.
Pricing:
Pricing upon request
Pros:
- Lightweight and low-demanding on system resources
- BPF-based fine-grained packet filtering
- Adaptable to several platforms
Cons:
- The graphical user interface is absent.
- May need additional tools for a more thorough examination.
- Beginners’ initial learning curve is because of the command-line interface.
#3. Ettercap
Ettercap is a feature-rich toolset intended for security auditing and analysis of computer network protocols. Proficient at enabling man-in-the-middle assaults, Ettercap is well-known among experts for its real-time network traffic intercepting and modification capabilities.
Integration-wise, Ettercap works well on its own, but for a more in-depth analysis, its recorded data can be examined further with programs like Wireshark.
Pricing:
Pricing upon request
Pros:
- Specific emphasis is placed on situations involving men in the middle
- Dissection of active and passive protocols
- Suitable for a range of OS systems
Cons:
- Some users may find the interface to be outdated.
- A sophisticated understanding is necessary for its efficient use.
- Possible moral dilemmas if applied improperly.
#4. Kismet
Wireless network traffic detection, sniffing, and analysis are the main functions of the potent tool Kismet. Its ability to detect networks using a broad range of protocols makes it a valuable tool for experts aiming for thorough wireless network detection and monitoring.
Integration-wise, Kismet’s data can be ingested by Wireshark and other network analysis tools for a more in-depth look.
Pricing:
Pricing upon request
Pros:
- It is remarkable to find covert wireless networks
- It supports a wide range of wireless protocols.
- It has a real-time intrusion detection system
Cons:
- For newcomers, it could be too much.
- It is heavy on resources while managing extensive network searches
- Some users might not find the interface intuitive.
#5. Network Miner
Network Miner is an expert at recording and examining network traffic for forensic reasons. Known for its capacity to thoroughly analyze network packets and display information in an understandable format, it serves experts who require a thorough but passive method of doing network forensics.
Moreover, its easy-to-use interface offers a thorough overview of hosts and the interactions associated with them. When it comes to integrations, Network Miner functions well with other forensic analysis tools, and its outputs may be used with Wireshark and other platforms to gain deeper insights.
Pricing:
Pricing upon request
Pros:
- Effectively removing files from network traffic
- A thorough, host-centric understanding of network interactions
- A passive strategy guarantees that network activities are not interfered with.
Cons:
- There could be a learning curve for people who are not familiar with forensics.
- Not ready for immediate intrusion detection
- It offers fewer choices for customization than its rivals.
#6. PRTG Network Monitor
PRTG Network Monitor is a well-known system that provides thorough network monitoring of all its components. It is a go-to tool for businesses that value having a comprehensive picture of their entire IT infrastructure since it monitors key performance indicators including bandwidth utilization, uptime, and device health.
In terms of integrations, PRTG works well with well-known systems like Microsoft Teams, Slack, and others, guaranteeing prompt notifications and escalations.
Pricing:
From $16/user/month (billed annually)
Pros:
- A customizable dashboard provides versatility in the display of data.
- It offers a wide variety of sensors to meet different monitoring requirements
- Allows for several integrations for comprehensive communication
Cons:
- For certain users, the initial setup can be complicated.
- More sensors can result in increased overhead.
- For bigger networks, the licensing arrangement may become costly.
#7. Colasoft Capsa
Colasoft Capsa is a professional network analyzer for network troubleshooting and packet decoding. For individuals requiring immediate network analysis, the tool’s capacity to offer comprehensive, real-time insights into network activity is in line with its diagnostics expertise, making it an invaluable resource.
Colasoft Capsa can integrate with conventional network utilities, which improves its diagnostic capabilities.
Pricing:
From $19/user/month (billed annually)
Pros:
- Finding anomalies quickly is aided by deep packet analysis.
- Complex network data is made simpler by visual depiction.
- Easily combines with popular network utilities
Cons:
- For beginners, there can be a greater learning curve.
- For tiny networks, some complex features could be excessive.
- Some users may find the user interface to be confusing.
#8. Snort
Snort is a free and open-source intrusion prevention system that has packet logging and real-time traffic analysis capabilities. Specifically engineered to identify intrusions and probes on computer networks, Snort’s capabilities are in line with its reputation for successful intrusion detection and prevention, guaranteeing that network weaknesses are quickly found and fixed.
It is capable of efficiently identifying a wide range of assaults and malicious activity thanks to its signature-based detection techniques. Additionally, Snort works well with other widely used networking tools, giving users access to a wide range of resources for thorough network monitoring.
Pricing:
Pricing upon request
Pros:
- Real-time traffic monitoring makes it easier to identify threats immediately.
- A detection system based on signatures provides broad protection against various kinds of intrusions.
- It is backed by a sizable and vibrant community that releases regular updates
Cons:
- For novices, the first setup may be difficult.
- Given that it is an open-source tool, it could not include all of the sophisticated features found in proprietary ones.
- May produce false positives, necessitating cautious setup and adjustment.
#9. Omnipeek
Omnipeek is a powerful network analysis tool that is well-known for its ability to identify problems with networks and offer useful information. It serves as the eyes and ears of network managers as businesses depend more on flawless network operations. Its comprehensive troubleshooting tools make it an invaluable tool.
In terms of integrations, Omnipeek guarantees its adaptability in various IT systems by being compatible with numerous third-party platforms.
Pricing:
Starting from $50/user/month (billed annually)
Pros:
- It is proficient in network analysis and comprehensive packet capture.
- Instantaneous insights enable prompt identification and resolution of issues.
- It is flexible and has several third-party connectors.
Cons:
- Steeper learning curve for those who are not familiar with network analysis.
- More expensive than certain basic diagnostic devices.
- Certain capabilities may be overkill in network situations with limited resources.
#10. CommView
CommView is a specialized network monitoring tool made to record and examine network traffic. It shows proficiency in packet analysis its real-time capabilities and user-friendly interface, which allows users that have experience or not to delve deeply into network traffic.
In terms of integration, CommView is compatible with the well-known packet analysis program Wireshark, which enables complete packet file interchange and group analysis.
Pricing:
From $49/user/month (billed annually)
Pros:
- A user-friendly interface paired with comprehensive real-time packet capturing.
- Rebuilding TCP sessions allows for a comprehensive understanding of network flow.
- Triggers and alarms provide proactive network monitoring features.
Cons:
- For individual users or small enterprises, the price may be exorbitant.
- There is a higher learning curve for people who don’t know anything about packet analysis.
- Greatly relies on the Windows OS, which reduces cross-platform adaptability.
Are packet sniffers illegal?
In some situations, such as when network owners provide their express consent or when it’s done for network security analysis, packet sniffing may be acceptable. Packet sniffing without authorization is, however, frequently illegal or prohibited and subject to criminal prosecution.
What do hackers use packet sniffing for?
When a hacker uses a packet sniffer to obtain private, unencrypted data packets for nefarious ends, it’s known as a sniffing assault. Both financial information (banking details and login passwords) and personal information (name, address, and phone number) might be included in this category of data.
Are packet sniffers easy to detect?
When hubs are used by an organization to connect several devices on a single network, hackers can use a sniffer to “spy” on all the traffic that passes through the system without the user knowing. This kind of passive sniffing is quite hard to detect.
Can you sniff WIFI packets?
Wi-Fi network sniffers operate by scanning a wireless network to capture a subset or a broad range of data packets as they flow over it. They then collect data about those packets and use that data to provide insights into network activity.
Is packet sniffing eavesdropping?
Sniffing is the technique of utilizing specialized sniffing tools to monitor and record every data packet that passes over a given network. Applying this technique to computer networks is similar to “tapping into phone lines” to listen in on conversations.
Is packet sniffing legal?
Packet sniffing is legal when used just on the portion of the network that the individual or organization doing the sniffing is accountable for and for network management purposes. When someone gains unauthorized access to data packets, packet sniffing is prohibited. It is also unlawful for hackers to utilize packet sniffing for data theft and monitoring.
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